with Notes of Reference (1803)St. George Tucker Of Title by Gift, Grant, and Contract
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1. Perk. § 57.
2. See 3 Rep. 82.
3. Jenk. 109.
4. Co. Litt. 214.
5. Dyer. 30. Bro. Abr. tit. chose in action. 1 & 4.
6. 3 P. Wms. 199.
7. Inst. 3. 14. 2.
8. In omnibus contractibus, sive nominates sive innominatis, permutatio continetur. Gravin. l. 2. § 12.
9. pag. 297.
10. 3 Rep. 83.
11. Ff. 19. 5. 5.
12. D. & t. d. 2. c. 24.
13. Bro. Abr. tit. uette. 79. Salk. 129.
14. Cod. 2. 3. 10 & 5. 14. 1.
15. Plowd. 308, 309.
16. Hardr 200.
17. 1 Ch. Rep. 157.
18. Noy's Max. c. 42.
19. Gen. 23:16.
20. 29 Car. II. c. 3.
21. 8 Rep. 171. 1 Mod. 188.
22. Comb. 33. 12 Mod. 5. 7 Mod. 95.
23. Hob 41. Ney's Max. c. 42.
24. Inst. 3. tit. 24.
25. Noy. ibid.
26. Stiernhook de jure Gotl. l. 2. c. 5.
27. Hob. 41.
28. Noy, c. 42.
29. 2 Inst. 713.
30. c. 1. § 3.
31. LL. Ethel. 10, 12. LL. Eadg. Wilk. 80.
32. Cro. Jac. 68.
33. Godb. 131.
34. 5 Rep. 83. 12 Mod. 521.
35. Bacon's use of the law. 158.
36. 2 Inst. 713, 714.
37. Perk. § 93.
38. 2 Inst. 713.
39. Ibid. 714.
40. 2 Inst. 719.
41. Ff. 21. 2. 1.
42. Cro. Jac. 474. 1 Roll. Abr. 90.
43. F. N. B. 94.
44. 2 Roll. Rep. 5.
45. 1 Vern. 268.
46. 12 Mod. 482.
47. Cro. Eliz. 622.
48. Cro. Car. 271.
49. Cro. Jac. 245. Yelv. 178.
50. Co. Litt. 89.
51. 4 Rep. 84.
52. Lord Raym. 909. 12 Mod. 487.
53. By the laws of Sweden, the depositary or bailee of goods is not bound to restitution, in case of accident by fire or theft; provided his own goods perished in the same manner: "Jura enim nostra dolum praesumunt si una non pereunt." (De jure Sueon. l. 2. c. 5.)
54. 13 Rep. 69.
55. Yelv. 172. Cro. Jac. 236.
56. Polit. l. 1. c. 10.
57. Decretal. l. 5. tit. 19.
58. "Unto a stranger thou mayest lend upon usury, but unto thy brother thou shalt not lend upon usury." Deut. xxiii. 20.
59. de j. b. & p. l. 2. c. 12. § 22.
60. Moll. de jur. mar. 361. Malyne lex mercat. b. 1. c. 31. Cro. Jac. 208. Bynkersh. quaest. jur. privat. l. 3. c. 16.
61. 1 Sid. 27.
62. Molloy ibid. Malyne ibid.
63. Cod. 4. 32. 26. Nov. 33, 34, 35.
64. A short explication of these terms, and of the division of the Roman as, will be useful to the student, not only for understanding the civilians, but also the more classical writers, who perpetually refer to this distribution. Thus Horace, ad Pisones. 325.
Discunt in partes centum diducere. Dicat
Filius Albini, si de quincunce remota est
Uncia, quid superet? poterat dixisse, triens: eu
Rem poteris servare tuam! redit uncia, quid fit?
Semis.–––––––
It is therefore to be observed, that, in calculating the rate of interest, the Romans divided the principal sum into an hundred parts; one of which they allowed to be taken monthly: and this, which was the highest rate of interest permitted, they called usurae centesimae, amounting yearly to twelve per cent. Now as the as, or Roman pound, was commonly used to express any integral sum, and was divisible into twelve parts or unciae, therefore these twelve monthly payments or unciae were held to amount annually to one pound, or as usurarius; and so the usurae asses were synonymous to the usurae centesimae. And all lower rates of interest were denominated according to the relation they bore to this centesimal usury, or usurae asses: for the several multiples of the unciae, or duodecimal parts of the as, were known by different names according to their different combinations; sextans, quadrans, triens, quincunx, semis, septunx, bes, dodrans, dextrans, deunx, containing respectively 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, unciae or duodecimal parts of an as. (Ff. 28. 5. 50. § 2. Gravin. orig. jur. civ. l. 2. § 47.) This being premised, the following table will clearly exhibit at once the subdivisions of the as, and the denominations of the rate of interest.
| USURAE | PARTES ASSIS. | PER ANNUM. |
| Asses, sive centesimae | integer | 12 per cent. |
| Deunces | 11/12 | 11 |
| Dextances, vel decunces | 5/6 | 10 |
| Dodrantes | 3/4 | 9 |
| Besses | 2/3 | 8 |
| Septunces | 7/12 | 7 |
| Semisses | 1/2 | 6 |
| Quincunces | 5/12 | 5 |
| Trientes | 1/3 | 4 |
| Quandrantes | 1/4 | 3 |
| Sextances | 1/6 | 2 |
| Unciae | 1/12 | 1 |
65. de jur. b. & p. 2. 12. 22.
66. 1 Equ. Cas. abr. 289. 1 P. Wms. 395.
67. F. N. B. 119.
68. 2 Carte. 203. 206.
69. Mod. Un. Hist. iv. 499.
70. 1 Roll. Abr. 6.
71. Stra. 1212.
72. 2 Show. 235. Grant v. Vaughan. T. 4 Geo. III. B. R.
73. Stra. 1000.
74. Lord Raym. 993.
75. Salk. 127.