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1. 2 Inst. 296.
2. 1 Inst. L.
3. pag. 47.
4. In the Germanic constitution, the electors, the bishops, the secular princes, the imperial cities, etc, which hold directly from the emperor, are called the immediate states of the empire; all other landholders being denominated mediate ones. Mod. Un. Hist. xlii. 61.
5. l. 4. tr. 1. c. 28.
6. Tenementorum aliud liberum, aliud villenagium. Item, liberorum aliud tenetur libere pro homagio et servitio militari; aliud in libere socagio cum fidelitate tantum. [Tenements are of two kinds, frank-tenement, and villenage. And, of frank-tenements, some are held freely in consideration of homage and knight-service; others in free-socage with the service of fealty only.] §. I.
7. Villenagiorum aliud purum, alium privilegiatum. Qui tenet in puro villenagio faciet quicquid ei praeceptum fuerit, et semper tenebitur ad incerta. Aliud genus villenagii di itur villanum socagium; et hujusmodi villein socmanni villana faciunt servitia, sed certa et determinata. [Of villenages some are pure, and others privileged. He that holds in pure villenage shall do whatsoever is commanded him, and always be bound to an uncertain service. The other king of villenage is called villein-socage; and these villein-socmen do villein services, but such as are certain and determined.] §. 5.
8. Spelm. Gloss. 219.
9. c. 2. §. 27.
10. Stat. de milit. 1. Edw. II. Co. Litt. 69.
11. Glanvil. l.9. c. 4.
12. Litt. § 95.
13. Co. Litt. 9.
14. Auxilia fiunt de gratia et non de jure -cum dependeant ex gratia tenentium et non ad voluntatem dominorum. [Aids arise from favour not from right - since they depend on the good will of the tenant, not on the will of the Lord.] Bracton. l. 2. tr. I.
15. Feud. l. 2. t. 24.
16. 2 Inst. 233.
17. Philips's life of Pole. I. 223.
18. Erat autem haec inter utrosque officiorum vicissitudo, - ut clientes ad collocandas senatorum filias de suo conferrent; in aeris alieni dissolutionem gratuitam pecuniam erogarent; et ab hostibus in bello captos redimerent. [But there was this reciprocity of service between themthat the clients should give a sum of money for marrying the daughters of their lords, pay their debts, and ransom them when taken captive in war.] Paul. Manutius de senatu Romano. C. i.
19. cap. 12. 15.
20. cap. 15.
21. 1bid. 14.
22. Wright. 99.
23. C. 22, 23, 24.
24. 2 Roll. Abr. 514.
25. "Haeres non redimet terram suam sicut faciebat tempore fratris mei, sed legitima et justa relevatione relevabo eam." ["An heir shall not redeem his land as he used to do in the time of my brother, but I will release it for a just and lawful relief."] (Text. Ressens. Cap.34.)
26. Glanv. 1. 9. c. 4. Litte. §. 112.
27. Co. Litt.77.
28. Send. 1. 2. 1. 24.
29. State. Marlbr. C. 16. 17 Edw.11. c.3.
30. Staundf. Prerog.12.
31. 1bid.
32. Litt. §.103.
33. Co. Litt.77.
34. Co.Litte. 77.
35. 9 Hen.III. c. 3.
36. Hoveden. Sub Ric. I.
37. 4 Inst. 198.
38. Stat. 32 Hen. VIII. C.46.
39. Vol. I. Pag.392.
40. "In ipso consilio vel principum aliquis, vel pater, vel propinquus, scuto, frameaque juvenem ornant. Haec apud illos toga, hic primus juventae honos: ante hoc domus pars videntur; mox reipublicae." ["In that council one of the princes, or the father, or relation, adorns the youth with a spear and buckler: this is the toga among them, the first honor of youth: before this ceremony, he was merely a member of his family, now, he becomes a member of the republic."] Germ. Cap.13.
41. Litt. §. 110.
42. Stat. Mert. C. 6. Co. Litt. 82.
43. Litt. §. 110.
44. Bract. 1.2. c. 37. §.6.
45. Gr.Cuft. 55.
46. cap.6.edit.Oxon.
47. cap. 3. ibid.
48. cap.6.
49. 1.2.c.38. § 1.
50. Wright. 97.
51. 20 Hen.III.c.6
52. cap. 32.
53. 18 Edw. I. c. I
54. 2 Inst. 66
55. Ibid. 67.
56. Co. Litt.13.
57. Feud.1.2.t.86.
58. 4 Inst.192.
59. Litt. § 153.
60. Ibid. § 158.
61. 2 Inst.233.
62. Litt. § 158.
63. Litt. § 154.
64. Ibid. § 156.
65. "Nullum scutagium ponatur in regno nostro, nisi per commune consilium regni nostri." ["Let no scutage be imposed but by the common council of our kingdom.'] Cap.12.
66. cap.37. See Vol.I.pag.136.
67. Old Ten. Tit. Escuage.
68. §. 103.
69. Wrighy.122.
70. Pro feodo militari reputatur. [In respect of feudal military policy.] Flet.1.2.
71. .14. § 7.
72. Litt. § 97.120.
73. Commonw.1. 3. c. 5.
74. 4 Inst. 202.
75. Dalrymp of feuds.292.
76. By another statute of the same year (20 Gec II.c.50.) the tenure of wardholding (equivalent to the knight-service of England) is for ever abolished in Scotland.