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1. Ff. l. 3. t. 4. per tot.
2. Ff. 50. 16. 85.
3. Ff. 3. 4. 7.
4. Co. Litt. 43.
5. Such as at Manchester, Eton, Winchester, etc.
6. 1 Lord Raym. 6.
7. Ff. 47. 22. 1. Neque societas, neque collegium, neque hujusmodi corpus passim omnibus habere conceditur; nam et legibus, et senatus consultis, et principalibus constitutionibus ea res coercetur. [Neither to all and everywhere is it allowed to have a society, college, or body of this kind; for the permission is controlled by laws, senate decrees, and the constitutions of the prince.] Ff. 3. 4. 1.
8. 2 Inst. 330.
9. 10 Rep. 29. Roll. Abr. 512.
10. 8 Rep. 114.
11. 14 & 15 Hen. VIII. c. 5.
12. Stat. 5 & 6 W. & M. c. 20.
13. Stat. 23 Geo. II. c. 4.
14. See page 263.
15. Gild signified among the Saxons a fraternity, derived from the verb gildan to pay, because every man paid his share towards the expenses of the community. And hence their place of meeting is frequently called the Gild-hall.
16. 10 Rep. 30. 1 Roll. Abr. 513.
17. 2 Inst. 722.
18. Bro. Abr. tit. Prerog. 53. Viner. Prerog. 88. pl. 16.
19. Yearbook, 2 Hen. VII. 13.
20. 10 Rep. 33.
21. 10 Rep. 122.
22. Gilb. Hist. C. P. 182.
23. 10 Rep. 28.
24. 10 Rep. 30. Hob. 211.
25. 10 Rep. 26.
26. 1 Roll. Abr. 514.
27. Dav. 44. 48.
28. Hob. 201.
29. Sodales legem quam volent, dum ne quid ex publica lege corrumpant, sibi ferunto. [Let societies prescribe any law they please, provided it infringe not the public law.]
30. Stat. 19 Hen. VII. c. 7.
31. 10 Rep. 32.
32. Bro. Abr. tit. Corporation. 63.
33. 10 Rep. 32.
34. The civil law also ordains that, in any misbehavior of a body corporate, the directors only shall be answerable in their personal capacity, and not the corporation. Ff. 4. 3. 15.
35. Bro. Abr. tit. Feofsm. Al uses. 40. Bacon of uses. 347.
36. Plowd. 538.
37. Bro. Abr. tit. Corporation. 11. Outlaw- &. 72.
38. 10 Rep. 32.
39. Co. Litt. 46.
40. Lord Raym. 8.
41. Co. Litt. 263, 264.
42. 10 Rep. 30.
43. Bro. Abr. tit. Corporation. 31, 34.
44. Ff. 3. 4. 3.
45. 10 Rep. 30.
46. 34 Hen. VIII. c. 5.
47. Hob. 136.
48. From magna carta, 9 Hen. III. c. 36. to 9 Geo. II. c. 36.
49. By the civil law a corporation was incapable of taking lands, unless by special privilege from the emperor: Collegium, si nullo speciali privilegio subnixum sit, haereditatem capere non posse, dubium non est. [There is no doubt that a college cannot take an inheritance unless by special privilege.] Cod. 6. 24 8.
50. 1 Inst. 2.
51. 10 Rep. 31.
52. 10 Rep. 33.
53. This notion is perhaps too refined. The court of king's bench, from its general superintendent authority where other jurisdictions are deficient, has power to regulate all corporations where no special visitor is appointed. But, as its judgments are liable to be reversed by writs of error, it wants one of the essential marks of visitatorial power.
54. Yearbook, 8 Edw. III. 28. 8 Aff. 29.
55. 2 Inst. 725.
56. Lord Raym. 8.
57. Lord Raym. 5. 4. Mod. ic6. Shower. 35. Skinn. 407. Salk. 403. Carthew. 180.
58. Stra. 797.
59. 2 Lutw. 1566.
60. 11 Rep. 98 .
61. Co. Litt. 13.
62. 1 Lev. 237.
63. Ff. 3. 3. 7.
64. Stat. 2 W. & M. c. 8.
65. Stat. 11 Geo. I. c. 4.