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1. 2 Inst. 15.
2. Stat. 17 Edw. II. c. 14. F. N. B. 32.
3. Matth. Paris.
4. 9 Hen. III. c. 5.
5. 3 Edw. I. c. 21.
6. Co. Litt. 67. 341.
7. F. N. B. 230.
8. Notes on F. N. B. above cited.
9. page 110.
10. 2 Inst. 647.
11. F. N. B. 176.
12. 3 Inst. 154.
13. Numb. 18. 26.
14. 1 Ann. St. 1. c. 7.
15. In like manner, by the civil law, the inheritances or fundi patrimoniales [lands of inheritance] of the imperial crown could not be alienated, but only let to farm. Cod. l. 11. t. 61.
16. 4 Inst. 273.
17. Mod. Un. hist. xxxiii. 220.
18. Roger North, in his life of lord keeper North, (43. 44) mentions an eyre, or iter, to have been held south of Trent soon after the restoration: but I have met with no report of its proceedings.
19. 1 Jones. 267 298.
20. Plowd. 315.
21. Stiernh. de jure Sueonum. L. 2. c. 8. Gr. Coustum. cap. 17.
22. 17 Edw. II. c. II.
23. Bracton, L. 3. c. 3. Britton. c. 17. Fleta. L. I. c. 45 & 46.
24. ch. 4. pag. 216.
25. Dr. & St. d. 2. c. 51.
26. Spelm. Cod. apud Wilkins. 305.
27. 26 May, A. D. 1174. I Rym. Foed. 36.
28. Rog. Hoved. in Ric. I.
29. In like manner Constantine the great, finding that by the imperial law the revenue of wrecks was give to the prince's treasury or fiscus, restrained it by an edict (Cod. II. 5. I.) and ordercd, them to remain to the owners; adding this humane expostulation, "Quod enim jus habet fiscus in aliena calamitate ut re tam luctuosa compendium sectetur?" ["For what right has the exchequer in other men's misfortunes, that it should seek gain from so lamentable a source?."]
30. Bract. l. 3. c. 3.
31. 3 Edw. I. c. 4.
32. Flet. I. c. 44. 2 Inst. 167.
33. §. 28.
34. 2 Inst. 168.
35. Plowd. 166.
36. 2 Inst. 168. Bro. Abr. tit. Wreck.
37. 5 Rep. 106.
38. Quae enim res in tempestate, levandae navis causa, ejiciuntur, hae dominorum permanent. Quia palam est, eas non eo animo ejici, quod quis habere noluit. [Those things which are cast overboard for the sake of lightening the ship still belong to the owners. For it is clear that they were not thrown away as relinquished on any other account.] Inst. 2. I. §. 48.
39. 5 Rep. 108.
40. Stiernh. de jure Sueon. l. 3. c. 5.
41. F. N. B. 112.
42. By the civil law, to destroy persons shipwrecked, or prevent their saving the ship, is capital. And to steal even a plank from a vessel in distress, or wrecked, makes the party liable to answer for the whole ship and cargo.(St. 47. 9. 3.) The laws also of the Visigoths, and the most early Neapolitan constitutions, punished with the utmost severity all those who neglected to assist any ship in distress, or plundered any goods cast on shore. (Lindenbrog. Cod. LL. antiq. 146. 715.)
43. 2 Inst. 577.
44. Plowd. 366.
45. 3 Inst. 132. Dalt. Shatiffs. c. 16.
46. Britt. c. 17. Finch. L. 177.
47. l. 3. c. 3. §. 4.
48. Bracton. l. 3.c. 3. . Inst. 133.
49. Ff. 41. I. 31.
50. de jur. b. & p. l. 2. c. 8. §. 7.
51. Glanv. l. I. c. 2. Crag. I. 16. 40.
52. 3 Inst. 133.
53. Cro. Eliz. 694.
54. Finch. L. 212.
55. Ibid.
56. 5 Rep. 109.
57. Fitzh. Abr. tit. Estray. I. 3 Bulstr. 19.
58. Mirr. c. 3. §. 19.
59. 5 Rep. 108. Bro. Abr. tit. Estray. Cro. Eliz. 716.
60. Stiernh. de jur. Gotbor. l. 3. c. 5.
61. Dalt. Sh. 79.
62. Finch. L. 177.
63. l. I. c. 43.
64. 7 Rep 17.
65. I Roll. Abr. 889.
66. Cro. Jac. 147.
67. Cro. Jac. 148. Noy. 119.
68. l. I. c. 12.
69. I Hal. P. C. 419. Fleta. l. I. c. 25.
70. Fitzh. Abr. tit. Enditement. Pl. 27. Stannr. P. C. 20, 21.
71. 3 Inst. 57. I Hal. P. C. 422.
72. Omnia, quae movent ad mortem, sunt Deo danda. [What moves to death we understand.] Bracton. l. 3. c. 5.
73. Exed. 21. 28.
74. Aeschin. contr. Ctrfiph.
75. I Hal. P. C. 422.
76. I Hawk. P. C. c. 26.
77. A similar rule obtained among the ancient Goths. Si quis, me nesciente, quocunque meo telovel instrumento in perniciem suam abutatur; vel ex aedibus meis cadat, vel incidat in puteum meum, quantumvis tectum vel munitum, vel in cataractum,et sub molendino meo confrigatur, ipse aliqua mulcta plectar; ut in parte infelicitatis meae numeratur habuisse vel aedificasse aliquod quo homo periret. [If any one, without my knowledge, use any weapon or instrument of mine for his own destruction; or fall from my house, or into my well, however securely coveed or fenced, or into my mill-stream, or be crushed in my mill, let me suffer by some fine; as the misfortune may be reckoned in part mine, to have built or possessed anything by which a man should perish.] Stiernhook de jure Goth. l. 3. c. 4.
78. Dr. & St. d. 2. c. 51.
79. 3 Inst. 57.
80. 3 Inst. 58. I Hal. P. C. 423. Molloy de jur. maritim. 2. 225.
81. Foster of homicide, 266.
82. Flet. l. I. c. II. §. 10.
83. Dyer. 302. Hutt. 17. Noy 27.
84. F. N. B. 232.
85. 4 Rep. 126.
86. F. N. B. 232.
87. This power, though of late very rarely exerted, is still alluded to in common speech, by that usual expression of begging a man for a fool.
88. 4 Inst. 203. Com. Journ. 1610.
89. F. N. B. 233.
90. Co. Litt. 42. Fleta. l. 6. c. 40.
91. Inst. 246.
92. 3 p. Wms. 108.
93. 2 p. Wms. 638.
94. Solent praetores, si talem hominem invenerent, qui neque tempus neque finem expensarum habet, sed bono sua dilacerando et dissipando profundit, curatorem ei dare, exemplo furiosi: et tamdiu erunt ambo in curatione, quamdiu vel furiosus sanitatem, vel ille bonos mores, receperit. [The praetors are accustomed, when they find a man who sets no bounds to his expenses, but lavishes his fortune in acts of dissipation, to appoint him a guardian as though he were a madman; and as the madman so the spendthrift shall be in wardship until the one be restored unto a sanity of mind and the other to reformed manners.] Ff. 27. 10. I.
95. potter. Antiqu. b. I. c. 26.
96. Bro. Abr. tit. idiot. 4.
97. pag. 271.
98. pag. 163.
99. 2 Inst. 77. 4 Inst. 34.
100. Hoved. A. D. 1188. Carte. I. 719. Hume. I. 329.
101. A. D. 1232.
102. See the second book of these commentaries.
103. cap. 14.
104. 9 Hen. III. c. 37.
105. 25 Edw. I. c. 5. & 6. 34 Edw. I. St. 4. c. I. 14 Edw. III. St. 2. c. I.
106. Madox. hist, exch. 480.
107. 4 Inst. 33.
108. hist. b. 2.
109. 4 Inst 33.
110. Dalt. of sheriffs, 418. Gilb. hist. of exch. c. 4.
111. 29 Nov. 4 Mar. 1642.
112. One of these bills of assessment, in 1656, is preserved in Scobell's collection, 400.
113. Com. Journ. 26 Jun. 9 Dec. 1678.
114. in the years 1732 and 1733.
115. Dyer. 165.
116. Dyer. 43. pl. 24.
117. 2 Inst. 58, 59
118. Dav. 9.
119. This appellation seems to be derived from the French word coustum, or coutum which signifies toll or tribute, and owes its own etymology to the word coust, which signifies price, charge, or, as we have adopted it in English, cost.
120. 4 Inst. 29.
121. Madox hist exch. 526, 532.
122. Dav. 8. b. 2 Bulstr. 254.
123. Dav. II, 12.
124. Dav. 12.
125. Stat. 6 Hen. VIII. c. 14.
126. 16 Car. I. c. 8.
127. Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 4. II Geo. I. c. 7.
128. hist. I. 13.
129. Montesqu. Sp.£ b. 13. c. 8.
130. hist. b. 3.
131. Com. Journ. 8 Oct. 1642.
132. The translator and continuator of Petavius's chronological history (Lond. 1659.) informs us, that it was first moved for, 28 Mar. 1643, by Mr. Prynne. And it appears from the journals of the commons that on that day the house resolved itself into a committee to consider of raising money, in consequence of which the excise was afterwards voted. But Mr. Prynne was not a member of parliament till 7 Nov. 1648; and published in 1654 "A protestation against the illegal, detestable, and oft condemned tax and extortion of excise in general." It is probably therefore a mistake of the printer for Mr. Pymme, who was intended for chancellor of the exchequer under the earl of Bedford. (Lord Clar. b. 7.)
133. Com. Journ. 17 May 1643.
134. Lord Clar. b. 7.
135. 30 May 1643. Dugdale of the troubles 120.
136. Ord. 14 Aug. 1649. c. 50. Scobell. 72. Stat. 1656. c. 19. Scobell. 453.
137. Com. Journ. 28 Mar. 1642.
138. Ibid. 7. Sept. 1644.
139. Ibid. 21 Mar. 1649.
140. Ibid.
141. Scobell. 358.
142. Com. Journ. 9 Jun. 1657. Scobell. 511.
143. Com. Journ. 17 Dec. 1660.
144. Ibid. 22 Dec. 1660.
145. Ibid. 16 Apr. 1735.
146. Ibid. 26 Feb. 1734.
147. Ibid. 28 Mar. 1764.
148. Mod. Un. hist. xxiii. 463. Spelm. Gloss. tit. Fuage.
149. Scobell. 313.
150. Com. Journ. 14 Feb. 1661.
151. 10 Ann. c. 19. §. 158. 12 Geo. I. c. 15. 33 Geo. II. c. 25.
152. Pro tempore, pro spe, pro commodo, minuitur eorum pretium atque augescit. [Their price was lessened and increased according to time, expectation, or advantage.] Aretin. See Mod. Un. hist. xxxvi. 116.
153. Stat. I. Geo. III. c. I.
154. Lord Clar. continuation. 163.
155. Com. Journ. 4 Sept. 1660.
156. Ibid.
157. Ibid. 4 Jun. 1663. Lord Clar. ibid.
158. Ibid. 165.
159. Stat. I Jac. II. c. I.
160. Stat. I Jac. II. c. 3 & 4.
161. Com. Journ. I Mar. 20 Mar. 1688.
162. Ibid. 14 Mar. 1701.
163. Ibid. 17 Mar. 1701. II Aug. 1714.
164. Stat. I Geo. II. c. I.