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1. Mod. Un. hist. xxiii. 307; The first mention of it in our statute law is in the preamble to the statute of Westm. 1. 3. Edw. I. A. D. 1272.
2. De minoribus rebus principes consultant, de majoribus omnes. [Princes consult in small matters, in greater matters the whole nation.] Tac, de mor, Germ. c. 11.
3. These were assembled for the last time, A. D. 1561. See Whitelocke of Parl. c. 72.
4. Glanvil. L. 13. c. 32. l. 9. c. 10. Pref. 9 Rep. 2 Inst. 526.
5. l. 2. c. 2.
6. c. 1. §. 3.
7. Quanta esse debeat per nullam assissam generalem determinatum est, sed pro consuetudire su galorum comitatuum debetum. [It had never yet been ascertained by the general assize, or assembly, but was left to the custom of particular counties.] L. 9. c. 10.
8. Year book, 21 Edw. III. 60.
9. By motives somewhat similar to these the republic of Venice was actuated, when towards the end of the seventh century it abolished the tribunes of the people, who were annually chosen by the several districts of the Venetian territory, and constituted a doge in their stead; in whom the executive power of the state at present resides. For which their historians have assigned these, as the principal reasons. 1. The propriety of having the executive power a part of the legislative, or senate; to which the former annual magistrates were not admitted. 2. The necessity of having a single person to convoke the great council when separated. Mod. Un. hist. xxvii. 15.
10. Stat, 12 Car. II. C. 1.
11. 1 Sid. 1. See Stat. 13 Car. II. c. 7.
12. 4 Edw. III. c. 14. and 36 Edw. III. c. 10.
13. This is same period, that is allowed in Sweden for intermitting their general diets, or parliamentary assemblies. Mod. Un. hist. xxxiii. 15.
14. 4 Inst. 1.
15. 4 Inst. 6.
16. Sulla .. tribunis plebis sua lege injuriae faciendae potestatem ademit, auxilii ferendi reliquit. [Sylla, by his law, deprived the tribunes of the people of the power of doing injury, but left them that of protection.] de LL. 3. 9.
17. Seld. tit. hon. 2. 5. 27.
18. Co. Litt. 97.
19. Gilb. hist. Exch 55. Spelm. W. I. 291.
20. Glanv. 7. 1. Co. Litt. 97. Seld. tit. hon. 2. 5. 19.
21. Whitelocke on Par. c. 72. Warburt. Alliance. b. 2. c. 3.
22. Dyer. 60.
23. Baronage. p. 1. c. 6. The act of uniformity, 1 Eliz. c. 2. was passed with the dissent of all the bishops; (Gibs. Cod. 268.) and therefore the style of lords spiritual is omitted throughout the whole.
24. 2 Inst. 585, 6, 7. See Keilw. 184; where it is held by the judges, 7 Hen. VIII, that the king may hold a parliament without any spiritual lords. This was also exemplified in fact in the two first parliaments of Charles II; wherein no bishops were summoned, till after the repeal of the stat. 16 Car. I. c. 27. by stat. 13 Car. II. St. 1. c. 2.
25. 4 Inst. 25.
26. Staunford. P. C. 153.
27. Mod. Un. hist. xxxiii. 18.
28. 4 Inst. 14.
29. 4 Jan. 1648.
30. 4 Inst. 36.
31. of parliaments. 49.
32. Sp. L. 11. 6.
33. on Gov. p. 2. §. 149, 227.
34. 4 Inst. 47.
35. 1 Inst. 11.
36. 4 Inst. 50.
37. Seld. Baronage. part. 1. c. 4.
38. cap. 3.
39. Stiernh. de jure Goth. l. 3. c. 3.
40. 2 Lev. 72.
41. Dyer. 59. 4. Pryn. Brev. Parl. 757.
42. Latch. 48. Noy. 83.
43. Stra. 989.
44. Com. Journ. 17 Aug. 1641.
45. 4 Inst. 25. Com. Journ. 20. May. 1675.
46. Mich. 16 Edw. IV. In Soacob. ———- Lord Raym. 146.
47. Com. Journ. 16 May. 1726.
48. Com. Journ. 24 Nov. Lord's Journ. 29 Nov. 1763.
49. Lords Protest. Ibid.
50. Com, Jour. 20 Apr. 1762.
51. particularly 17 Geo. II. c. 6.
52. cap. 11.
53. Stat. 3. Hen. VIII. c. 10. Smith's common w. b. 2. c. 3. Moor. 551. 4 Inst. 4. Hale of parl. 140.
54. Seld. baronage. p. 1. c. 1.
55. 4 Inst. 12.
56. 4 Inst. 29.
57. on parliaments, 65, 66.
58. Year book, 33 Hen. VI. 17. See the answer to this case by Sir Heneage Finch, Com. Journ. 22 Apr. 1671.
59. 7 & 8 W. III. c. 25. 10 Ann. c. 23. 2 Geo. II. c. 21. 18 Geo. II. c. 18. 31 Geo. II. c. 14. 3 Geo. III. c. 24.
60. 4 Inst. 16.
61. Prynne parl. writs. I. 345.
62. 4 Inst. 47.
63. 1. Hen. V. c. 1. 23 Hen. IV. c. 15. 1 W. & M. St. 2. c. 2. 5 & 6 W. & M. c. 7. 11 & 12 W. III. c. 2. 12 & 13 W. III. c. 10. 6 Ann c. 7. 7. 9 Ann. c. 5. 1 Geo. I. c. 56. 15 Geo. II. c. 22. 33. Geo. II. c. 20.
64. 4 Inst. 47.
65. Hale of parl. 114.
66. 4 Inst. 48.
67. Pryn. on 4 Inst. 13.
68. Walfingh. A. D. 1405.
69. 4 Inst. 48.
70. 7 Hen. IV. c. 15. 8 Hen. VI. c. 7. 13 W. III. c. 10. 6 Ann. c. 23. 9 Ann. 23 Hen. VI. c. 15. 1 W. & M. St. 1. c. 2. c. 5. 10 Ann. c. 19. and c. 23. 2. Geo. II. 2 W. & M. St. 1. c. 7. 5 & 6 W. & M. c. 24. 8 Geo. II. c. 30. 18 Geo. II. c. 18. c. 20. 7 W. III. c. 4. 7 & 8 W. III. c. 7. 19 Geo. II. c. 28. and c. 25. 10 & 11 W. III. c. 7. 12 &
71. on Gov. part 2. §. 222.
72. In like manner the Julian law de ambitu inflicts fines and infamy upon all who were guilty of corruption at elections; but, if the person guilty convicted another offender, he was restored to his credit again. Ff. 48. 14. 1.
73. 4 Inst. 23. Hale of parl. 112. Com. Journ. 10 & 11 may 1571.
74. See, among numberless other instances, the articuli cleri, 9 Edw. II.
75. Lord Bacon on uses. 80. 326.
76. D'ewes journ. 20. 73. Com. journ. 17 June. 1747.
77. Com. journ. 24 Jul. 1660.
78. Rot. Parl. 9 Hen. IV. in Pryn. 4 Inst. 30, 31.
79. D'ewes journ. 35.
80. 3 Inst. 41. 4 Inst. 26.
81. Finch L. 81. 234.
82. 4 Inst. 28.
83. Com. Journ. passim: e. g. 11 11 Jun. 1572. 5 Par. 1604. 4. Jun. 14 Nov. 18 Dec. 1621. 11 Jul. 1625. 13 Sept. 1660. 25 Jul. 1667. 4 Aug. 1685. 24 Febr. 1691. 21 Jun. 1712. 16 Apr. 1717. 3 . 1741. 10 Dec. 1745.
84. 4 Inst. 28. Hale of parl. 38.
85. Com. Journ. 21 Oct. 1553.
86. Ibid. 21 Nov. 1554.
87. Stat. 12 Car. II. c. 1.
88. Stat. 30 Geo. II. c. 25.